EVIDENCIAS SOBRE LAS GRASAS EN LA DIETA Y ENFERMEDAD CORONARIA
Resumen
La relación que existe entre la calidad de la grasa dietética y la enfermedad cardiovascular representa la base de las hipótesis sobre la dieta del corazón. Las recomendaciones actuales enfatizan la importancia de la calidad de la grasa por encima de la cantidad total ingerida. El propósito de este ensayo es analizar las evidencias sobre la asociación entre la ingesta de grasa y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Los ácidos grasos saturados y los ácidos grasos trans han mostrado incrementar el riesgo cardiovascular en varios estudios. Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-6 y n-3 se han asociado con menor riesgo cardiovascular. Dentro de estos, el ácido linoleico muestra disminución del riesgo cardiovascular, mientras los ácidos grasos de cadena larga n-3 (eicosapentaenoico y docosahexaenoico), están especialmente asociados con disminución del riesgo para eventos coronarios fatales. El papel del ácido a-linolénico es menos claro.
Palabras claves: enfermedad coronaria, ácidos grasos, dieta
cardiovascular disease, fatty acids, diet
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Los derechos del trabajo pertenecen al autor o autores, sin embargo, al enviarlo a publicación en la Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición de la Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, le otorgan el derecho para su primera publicación en medio electrónico, y posiblemente, en medio impreso a la Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición. La licencia que se utiliza es la de atribución de Creative Commons , que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que se mencione la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación que es en la Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición. Asimismo, el o los autores tendrán en cuenta que no estará permitido enviar la publicación a ninguna otra revista, sin importar el formato. Los autores estarán en posibilidad de realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en la Revista Salud Pública y Nutrición (p. ej., repositorio institucional o publicación en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en la Revista Salud Pública, Revista de la Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León.
