Microbiota intestinal, sobrepeso y obesidad

Noé González-Gallegos; Yesica Sughey González-Torres; Luis Felipe Padilla-Durán

doi:10.29105/respyn16.3-4

Autores/as

Noé González-Gallegos Centro Universitario del Norte de la Universidad de Guadalajara.
Yesica Sughey González-Torres Centro Universitario de los Altos de la Universidad de Guadalajara.
Luis Felipe Padilla-Durán Centro Universitario del Norte de la Universidad de Guadalajara.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn16.3-4

Resumen

Introducción: En la actualidad a pocos asombra el hecho de que la microbiota intestinal juega un papel esencial en el desarrollo del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Cada día los mecanismos de la teoría del microbioma obeso están más claros, estos incluyen la regulación del sistema inmune, la competencia con el enterocito por las calorías de la dieta, su papel en la regulación de la función endocrina del sistema gastrointestinal que controla el apetito y, también muy fascinante su mediación a nivel epigenético. Objetivo: En este ensayo discuten estos aspectos, así como algunas recomendaciones alimentarias basadas en los conocimientos actuales para el control del peso a través de la promoción de un microbioma más equilibrado. Conclusiones: Los mecanismos de acción a través de los cuales el microbioma puede contribuir al sobrepeso y la obesidad incluyen un aumento de la captación energética a nivel intestinal, incremento de deposición de lípidos en el tejido adiposo y activación de la inflamación sistémica. Se visualizan en el tratamiento de la obesidad el uso de probióticos y prebióticos involucrados en la regulación de la microbiota intestinal.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: At present the fact that the gut microbiome plays an essential role in the development of overweight and obesity to few ones seems surprising. The mechanisms of the theory of obese microbiome are clearer every day. Some of these mechanism include a regulations over the immune system, furthermore, the gut microbiome influences both sides of the energy-balance equation by contributing to nutrient absorption and regulating host genes that affect adiposity. Another mechanism for promoting weight gain is based on the endocrine role of gastrointestinal system on hunger, satiety, and food intake. Objective: This paper summarizes all these aspects, and describes some evidence-based recommendations to improve the equilibrium of gut microbiome with the goal of to get loss weight. Conclusions: The mechanisms of action across which the microbioma can contribute to the overweight and the obesity include an increase of the energetic capture to intestinal level, increase of deposition of lipids in the adipose fabric and activation of the systemic inflammation. In the treatment of the obesity, the regulation of the gut microbiota notes the use of probiotics and prebiotics involved

Palabras clave: sobrepeso, obesidad, microbioma intestinal, overweight, obesity, gut microbiome

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