Consumo de café y riesgo cardiovascular en síndrome metabólico: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
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https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn25.1-889Palabras clave:
café, síndrome metabólico, riesgo cardiovascularResumen
Introducción: El síndrome metabólico (MetS) incrementa significativamente el riesgo cardiovascular, pero la evidencia sobre el impacto del consumo de café en esta población es limitada. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de café y la incidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, mortalidad cardiovascular y parámetros metabólicos en adultos con MetS. Método: Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis según PRISMA 2020 (PROSPERO CRD42024606335). Se buscaron estudios observacionales en PubMed, Scopus, Ovid y Google Scholar (2017–2024). Los desenlaces de incidencia y mortalidad se sintetizaron mediante hazard ratios (HR) y los metabólicos mediante diferencia de medias estandarizada (SMD). Se utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios; la heterogeneidad se evaluó con I² y el sesgo de publicación con la prueba de Egger. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 estudios (1,149,246 participantes). El consumo moderado de café (1–3 tazas/día) se asoció con menor incidencia cardiovascular (HR = 0.89; IC95%: 0.87–0.91; I² = 0%), menor mortalidad cardiovascular (HR = 0.81; IC95%: 0.76–0.86; I² = 69.6%) y mejoría metabólica modesta (SMD = −0.16; IC95%: −0.21 a −0.11; I² = 45.6%). Se detectó posible sesgo de publicación. Conclusión: El consumo moderado de café se asocia con resultados cardiometabólicos favorables en adultos con MetS, aunque la evidencia es observacional y heterogénea.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Yulieth Viviana Reyes Maldonado, Jaime Alberto Gómez Ayala, Jaiber Yesid Alfonso Gómez, Silvia Fernanda Ortiz Torra
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