EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PESOS ESPECÍFICOS DE FACTORES DE RIESGO EN EL BAJO PESO AL NACER EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉRIDA, YUCATÁN, MÉXICO. ESTUDIO DE CASOS Y CONTROLES
Abstract
Se evaluo multivariadamente los pesos específicos (PE) de diez y nueve factores de riesgo (FR) en el bajo peso al nacer. Estudio epidemiológico observacional analítico de casos y controles con direccionalidad efecto®FR y temporalidad prospectiva. Se estudiaron 24,676 recién nacidos (1,161 casos y 23,515 controles). Todo recién nacido de término (37 £ semanas de gestación £ 41) con pesos < 2,500 g y ³ 2,500 g fue definido, respectivamente, como caso y como control. Para evaluar los PE de los FR se utilizaron los valores de las razones de momios (RM) del modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Los valores de RM > 1 señalan la contribución positiva de los FR edad materna ³ 36 años, peso materno < 50 kg, estatura materna < 150 cm, antecedentes personales patológicos, edad a la menarca £ 12 años, número de partos = 1, número de partos ³ 5, antecedente de aborto(s), antecedentes obstétricos patológicos, intervalo intergenésico £ 24 meses, nivel socioeconómico bajo, estado civil "no-casada", tabaquismo, alcoholismo, inicio de la atención prenatal a partir
de la semana de gestación No. 20, número de consultas prenatales £ 5, tipo de parto o vía de nacimiento abdominal y género femenino del recién nacido. Los valores obtenidos de las RM señalan la contribución positiva en orden numérico ascendente de los FR tipo de parto o vía de nacimiento bdominal, inicio de la atención prenatal a partir de la semana de gestación No. 20, antecedente de aborto(s), antecedentes obstétricos patológicos, número de consultas prenatales £ 5, edad materna ³ 36 años, género femenino del recién nacido, número de partos = 1, nivel socioeconómico bajo, antecedentes personales patológicos, edad a la menarca £ 12 años, estado civil "no-casada", tabaquismo, número de partos ³ 5, intervalo intergenésico £ 24 meses, peso
materno < 50 kg, alcoholismo y estatura materna < 150 cm.
Palabras clave: pesos específicos, factores de riesgo, bajo peso al nacer
specific weights, risk factors, low birth weight
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