DETERMINACIÓN DE CONSUMO DE PESCADO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS, BUCARAMANGA, COLOMBIA
Abstract
Una amplia evidencia científica ha demostrado los beneficios nutricionales en la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades derivados del consumo o suplementación de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3, de los cuales el pescado es la principal fuente natural. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el consumo de pescado y los factores asociados, en estudiantes de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, para el cual se hizo un estudio transversal analítico, en 272 estudiantes universitarios, donde se analizaron variables de tipo nutricional, socio-económicas, demográficas, relacionadas con estilos de vida y comportamientos alimentarios que permitieron identificar los factores asociados al consumo de pescados. Los resultados mostraron que, durante el último mes, el 74.2%, consumió algún tipo de pescado, mientras un 25.8% no lo incluía en su alimentación. Los motivos para no consumirlo fueron: no les gusta (66.2%), el costo (19.1%) y presencia de alergia a estos alimentos (5.9%). Las variedades mas consumidas son, el atún (89.8%), el bagre (43.8%) y el bocachico (40.3%) aunque en frecuencias de consumo muy bajas.
Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que un porcentaje importante de la población estudiada (25.8%) no incluyen pescado en su alimentación diaria y los sujetos que lo consumen lo hacen en frecuencia muy baja, lo que permite predecir que difícilmente se cubren las recomendaciones de ácidos grasos esenciales n-3.
Abstract
Vast scientific evidence has shown the nutritional benefits of health promotion and prevention of diseases derived from the consumption or supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, whose main natural source is fish. The objective of this work was to determine the consumption of fish and its associated factors in students of Universidad Industrial de Santander; in order to do this, an analytic transversal study in 272 university students was carried out, where nutritional, socioeconomic, and demographic variables were analyzed and related to life styles and eating habits that allowed to identify the factors associated to fish-consumption. The results showed that, for the past month, 74.2% consumed some type of fish, whereas 25.8% did not include it in their diet. The motives for not doing this were: they do not like it (66.2%), cost (19.1%), and presence of allergies to this food (5.9%). The varieties consumed the most are: tuna (89.8%), catfish (43.8%) and Colombian bocachico (40.3%) although the consumption frequency was very low. The results obtained lead to conclude that an important percentage of the study population (25.8%) do not include fish in their daily diet, and those who do, consume it with very low frequency; this lets us predict that the recommendations on essential n-3 fatty acids are hardly followed.
Palabras claves: pescados, ácidos grasos n-3, consumo, hábitos alimenticios.
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