ESTUDIO DE VIDA ÚTIL DEL QUESO ASADERO
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la vida útil del queso asadero que se produce al noreste de México. Se tomaron veinte unidades de queso y fueron almacenadas a diferentes temperaturas. Diez quesos se almacenaron a 10°C y otros diez quesos se mantuvieron a la temperatura ambiente promedio durante el periodo de comercialización del producto. El análisis de las muestras se realizó en dos periodos: uno de ellos cuando la temperatura ambiental promedio fue de 20 °C y otro a temperatura ambiente promedio de 30 °C. Cada tercer día los quesos almacenados a cada temperatura, así como uno recién elaborado, se fraccionaron para realizar por duplicado los análisis microbiológicos y evaluaciones sensoriales hasta la fecha de pérdida de calidad del producto. El recuento de mohos y levaduras, coliformes, Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus, se realizó de acuerdo a las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas NOM-111-SSA1-1994, NOM-112-SSA1-1994, NOM-114-SSA11994 y NOM-115-SSA1-1994, respectivamente. También se evaluaron la apariencia, el aroma y el sabor, mediante la aplicación de pruebas triangulares a un panel de jueces no entrenados. Se realizaron también análisis bromatológicos y fisicoquímicos con la finalidad de establecer la composición del alimento. En base a las características del alimento y a los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes tipos de análisis, se estableció una vida útil de nueve días para el queso almacenado a 10 °C, de cinco días para el queso almacenado a 20 °C y de tres días para el almacenado a 30 °C.
Abstract
The aim of this project was to determine the shelf life of the cheese which is produced in Northeast Mexico. Twenty units of cheese were taken and stored at different temperatures. Ten cheeses were stored at 10°C and ten other cheeses stayed at the prevailing room temperature during the period of commercialization of the product. The analysis of the samples was made in two periods: one of them when the temperature was in a range of 20 °C and the other one at temperature ranging of 30 °C. Each third day, each stored cheeses and one recent elaborated were fractionated and were done in duplicate microbiological analysis and sensorial evaluation of each sample until the final of its shelf life. Moulds and yeasts, coliforms, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, were accounted according to the NOM-111-SSA1-1994, NOM-112-SSA1-1994, NOM-114-SSA1-1994 y NOM-115-SSA1-1994, respectively. Appearance, aroma and flavor were also evaluated through the application of triangular tests to a panel of untrained judges. In order to establish the composition of the food, bromatological and physicochemical analysis were also done. On the basis of the characteristics of the food and the results obtained in the different types of analysis, a shelf life of nine days for the cheese stored at 10 °C, five days for the cheese stored at 20 °C, and of three days for the cheese stored at 30 °C was established.
Palabras clave: Vida útil, queso, coliformes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus.
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