LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN SALUD PÚBLICA: UNA REVISIÓN DEL PROCEDIMIENTO DESDE EL ENFOQUE RACIONAL
Abstract
Se presenta una revisión que contextualiza y define el uso de las habilidades cognoscitivas para la toma de decisiones dentro del campo de la salud pública, y analiza cómo éstas se pueden desarrollar en el ámbito de la formación de recursos humanos en salud. Se llevó a cabo una investigación documental de la literatura sobre el tema, teniendo como directriz el seguimiento a los principales autores y sus referencias hasta el año 2005. Los documentos encontrados fueron sujetos a un proceso de selección por pertinencia del tema y fueron sujetos a análisis de contenido. A partir de la propuesta de Herbert Simon en 1956 la teoría de la toma de decisiones es definida y posteriormente se encuentra a una serie de autores que analizan el proceso e identifican y operacionalizan las habilidades cognoscitivas que lo generan. El proceso de toma de decisiones coincide más con un proceso de orden racional que de orden heurístico o casual. Los autores coinciden en que la toma de decisiones es un proceso intelectual que debe ejercitarse y evaluarse en el personal que trabaja en el ámbito de la salud pública, debe formar parte de las competencias del personal de salud.
Abstract
A review that contextualizes and defines the use of cognitive skills for decision-making within the field of public health, and discusses how they can be developed in the field of training of human resources in health. Was conducted documentary research literature on the subject, taking as a guideline to follow the lead authors and references to 2005. The documents found were subject to a selection process by relevance of the topic and were subjected to content analysis. Since the proposal of Herbert Simon in 1956 the theory of decision making is defined and is subsequently a number of authors who analyze the process and identify and operationalize cognitive skills that generate it. The decision making process coincides with a rational order processing heuristic or random order. The authors agree that decision making is an intellectual process that must be exercised and evaluated in the staff working in the field of public health, should be part of the skills of health workers.
Palabras Clave: Toma de decisiones, habilidades, competencias, salud pública
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