Estudio de la Inestabilidad Cromosómica y de la Actividad Transcripcional (18s y 28s) en Pacientes con Cáncer Cervicouterino
Abstract
El cáncer cervicouterino (CaCU) en nuestro país es la enfermedad neoplásica más frecuente y
responsable aproximadamente del 36% de todos los cánceres que se presentan en el sexo
femenino. De acuerdo a las entidades federativas el primer lugar lo ocupa el Distrito Federal con
3,711 casos anuales seguido por el estado de Nuevo León con 1,093 casos. Estudios citogenéticos
sugieren que la inestabilidad cromosómica y la actividad transcripcional, debido a su estrecha
relación con eventos mutagénicos y actividad proliferativa, pudieran estar relacionados con el
riesgo de desarrollar cáncer, y con la progresión del tumor. El presente trabajo evaluó la
inestabilidad cromosómica, y la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S en mujeres con distintos grados
de avance de lesión neoplásica cervicouterina. Se obtuvieron muestras de frotis de epitelio
cervical, y de sangre periférica de 45 mujeres canalizadas a la consulta de Ginecología Oncológica
del Hospital Regional de Especialidades No. 23 del IMSS (Monterrey, N.L.). La inestabilidad
cromosómica fue evaluada mediante las pruebas de Intercambio de Cromátides Hermanas (ICH), y
Micronúcleos (MN), y la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S mediante la prueba de Regiones
Organizadoras del Nucléolo (NOR's). Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un incremento
significativo (ANOVA p<0.05) de ICH, MN, y NORs en mujeres con carcinoma invasor, respecto al
control. Además, se observó un incremento significativo, y una correlación positiva de MN y NORs
"atípicos" en epitelio cervical de acuerdo al desarrollo neoplásico. Estos resultados demuestran una
inestabilidad cromosómica y un aumento de la actividad transcripcional 18S y 28S en pacientes
con lesiones neoplásicas cervicouterinas, y sugieren la utilidad de estas metodologías como
complemento de las pruebas citológicas convencionales para la detección oportuna del cáncer
cervicouterino y seguimiento de la evolución de esta enfermedad.
Abstract
The cancer cervicouterino (CaCU) in our country it is approximately the neoplastic illness more
frequent and more responsible of 36% of all the cancers that are presented in the feminine sex.
According to the federative entities the first place occupies it the Federal District with 3,711 annual
cases continued by the state of New León with 1,093 cases. Cytogenetic studies suggests that the
chromosomic inestability and the transcription activity, due to its narrow relationship with mutagenic
events and activity, they could be related with the risk of developing cancer, and with the
progression of the tumor. The present work evaluated the choromosomic inestability, and the
transcription activity 18S and 28S in women with different degrees of advance of lesion neoplastic
cervix uteri. Samples of smear of cervical epithelium were obtained, and of 45 women's outlying
blood Not channeled to the consultation of Ginecology Oncolgy of the Regional Hospital of
Specialties. 23 of the IMSS (Monterrey, N.L.). The chromosomic inestability was evaluated by
means of the tests of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and Micronuclei (MN), and the transcription
activity 18S and 28S by means of the test of Organizing Regions of the Nuclei (NOR's). The
obtained results revealed a significant increment (ANOVA p <0.05) of SCE, MN, and NORs in
women with carcinoma invader, regarding the control. Also, it was observed a significant increment,
and a positive correlation of MN and atypical NORs in cervical epithelium according to the
neoplastic development. These results demonstrate an chromosomic inestability and an increase of
the transcription activity 18S and 28S in patient with neoplastic cervix uteri lesions, and they
suggest the utility of these methodologies like complement of the citology conventional tests for the
opportune detection of the cancer of cervix uteri and pursuit of the evolution of this illness.
Palabras clave: cáncer, cervicouterino, inestabilidad, cromosómica, actividad, transcripciónal, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, cancer, cervix uteri, inestability, chromosomic, activity, transcription,
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