RESISTENCIA A INSECTICIDAS EN INSECTOS VECTORES DE ENFERMEDADES CON ÉNFASIS EN MOSQUITOS
Abstract
Los insecticidas juegan un papel central en el control devectores de enfermedades tales como mosquitos,
moscas, pulgas, piojos, chinches, etc. En 1955 la OMS
propuso la erradicación global de una de las
enfermedades más prevalecientes transmitidas por
vectores, la malaria, con el uso de rociados residuales
intradomiciliares de DDT. Sin embargo la euforia por los
insecticidas terminó pronto y en 1976 la OMS revirtió su
concepto de erradicación a control de la malaria. Los
cambios en la política se debieron a la aparición de la
resistencia al DDT en un gran número de mosquitos vectores. En 1975 la OMS reportó que una
población de 256 millones de personas vivían en áreas donde la resistencia a DDT y/o los BHC
(Bifenil Poli Clorinados) mermaron los esfuerzos para el control de la malaria. (Esto no incluyó a la
región de Africa, en donde ocurren el 90% de los casos de Malaria y donde ya se había registrado
resistencia de Anopheles gambiae al DDT, el principal vector de malaria.
Downloads
References
Hemingway J. and H. Ranson. 2000. Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease.
Ann. Rev. Entomol. 45: 371-391.
Brogdon, W. G. and J. C. McAllister. 1998. Insecticide resistance and vector control. CDC,
Atlanta, GA, USA. 4(4): 12 pp.
Vector resistance to insecticides. 1992. 15th report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector
Biology and Control. World Health Organ Tech. Rep. Ser. 818: 1-62.
Krogstad, D.J. 1996. Malaria as a reemerging disease. Epidemiol. Rev. 18: 77-89.
Rodhain, F. 1996. Donnes recents sur l’epidemiologie de l’encephalite japonaise. Bull Acad. Natl.
Med. 180: 1325-1337.
Hemingway J. and H. Ranson, Op.cit.
Brown, A.W.A. 1986. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: a pragmatic review. J. Am. Mosq.
Control Assoc.2: 123-140.
WHO. 1992. Vector resistance to pesticides. Fifteenth report of the expert committee on vector
biology and control. In WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. 818: 1-55.
Patil, N.S., K.S. Lole and D. N. Deobagkar. 1996. Adaptive larval thermotolerance and induced
cross-tolerance to propoxur insecticides in mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti.
Med. Vet. Entomol. 10: 277-282.
Miyazaki, M., K. Ohyama, D.Y. Dunlap and F. Matsumura. 1996. Cloning and sequencing of the
para-types sodium channel gene from susceptible and kdr-resistant German cockraches (Blatella
germanica) and house fly (Musca domestica). Mol. Gen. Genet. 252: 61-68.
Williamson, M.S., D. Martinez-Torres, C.A. Hick and A.L. Devonshire. 1996. Identification of
mutations in the housefly para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance
(kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Mol. Gen. Genet. 252: 51-60.
Vais, H., M.S. Williamson, C.A. Hick, N. Eldursi, A.L. Devonshire and P.N. Usherwood. 1997.
Functional analysis of a rat sodium channel carrying a mutation for insect knock-down resistance
(kdr) to pyrethroids. FEBS Lett. 413: 427-332.
Ffrench-Constant, R.H., J. Steichen, T.A. Rocheleau, K. Aronstein and R.T. Roush. 1993. A
single amino acid substitution in a beta-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor locus associated with
cyclodiene insecticide resistance in Drosophila populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 1957-
Cygler, M., J.D. Schrag, J.L. Sussman, M. Harel, I. Silman and M.K. Gentry. 1993. Relationship
between sequence conservation and three-dimensional structure in a large familiy of esterases,
lipases and related proteins. Protein Sci. 2: 366-382.
Oakeshott J.G., E.A. van Papenrecht, T.M. Boyce, M.J. Healy and R. J. Russell. 1993.
Evolutionary genetics of Drosophila esterases. Genetica. 90: 239-268.
Wilkinson, C.F. 1976. Insecticide biochemistry and physiology. New York: Plenum Press, p.
Maitra, S., S.M. Dombroski, L.C. Waters and R. Ganguly. 1996. Three second chromosomelinked clustered Cyp6 genes show differential constitutive and barbital-induced expression in DDTresistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Gene. 180: 165-71.
Tomita, T., N.Liu., F.F. Smith, P. Shridhar and J.G. Scott. 1995. Molecular mechanisms involved
in increased espression of a cytochrome P450 responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the
housefly, Musca domestica. Insect. Mol. Biol. 4: 135-140.
Tomita, T., J.G. Scott. 1995. cDNA and deduced protein séquense of Cyp6D1: the putative
gene for a cytochrome P450 responsible for pyrethroid resístanse in house fly. Insect. Biochem.
Mol. Biol. 25: 275-283.
Carino, F. A., J.F. Koener, F.W. Plapp and R. Feyereisen. 1994. Constitutive overexpression of
the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6A1 in a house fly strain with metabolic resistance to insecticides.
Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 24: 411-8.
Cohen, M.B., J.F. Koener and R. Feyereisen. 1994. Structure and chromosomal localization of
Cyp6A1, a cytochrome P450-encoding gene from the house fly. Gene. 146: 267-272.
Liu, N.and J.G. Scott. 1997. Phenobarbital induction of Cyp6D1 is due to a trans acting factor
on autosome 2 in house flies, Musca domestica . Insect. Mol. Biol. 6: 77-81.
Hayes, J.D. and D. J. Pulford. 1995. The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation
of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance. Crit.
Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30: 445-600.
Zhou, Z-H., and M.A. Syvanen. 1997. A complex glutathione transferase gene family in the
houseflyMusca domestica. Mol. Gen. Genet. 256: 187-194.
Clark, J.M., J.G. Scott, F. Campos and J.R. Bloomquist JR. 1995. Resistance to ivermectins:
extent, mechanisms, and management. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 40: 1-30.
Rao, D.R., T.R. Mani, R. Rajendran, A.S. Joseph, A. Gajanana and R. Reuben. 1995.
Development of a high level of resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field population of Culex
quinquefasciatus. J. A. Mosq. Control Assoc. 12: 247-250.
Rodcharoen, J. and M. S. Mulla. 1996. Cross resistance to Bacillus sphaericus strains in Culex
quinquefasciatus. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 12: 247-250.
Nielsen-Leroux, C., F. Pasquier, J.F. Charles, G. Sinegre, B. Gaven and N. Pasteur. 1997.
Resistance toBacillus sphaericus involves different mechanisms in Culex pipiens (Diptera:
Culicidae) larvae. J. Med. Entomol. 34: 321-327.
Escriche B, B. Tabashnik, N. Finson and J. Ferre. 1995. Immunohistochemical detection of
binding of CryIA crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis in highly resistant strains of Plutella
xylostella (L.) from Hawaii. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212: 388-395.
Tabashnik, B.E., T. Malvar, Y.B. Liu, N. Finson, D. Borthakur and B.S. Shin. 1996. Cross
resistance of the diamondback moth indicates altered interactions with domain II of Bacillus
thuringiensis toxins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2839-2844.
Keller, M., B. Sneh, N. Strizhov, E. Prudovsky, A. Regev and C. Koncz. 1996. Digestion of
delta-endotoxin by gut proteases may explain reduced sensitivity of advanced instar larvae
of Spodoptera litoralisto CryIC. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 26: 365-373.
Tabashnik, B.E., Y.B. Liu, N. Finson, L. Masson and D.G. Heckel. 1997. One gene in
diamonback moth confers resistance to four Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA. 94: 1640-1644.
Cheong H, R.K. Dhesi and S.S. Gill. 1997. Marginal cross-resistance to mosquicidal Bacillus
thuringiensis strains in Cry 11A-resistant larvae: presence of Cry 11A-like toxins in these strains.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 153: 419-424.
Rivet, Y., M. Raymond, J.A. Rioux, A. Delalbre and N. Pasteur. 1994. Resistance monitoring in
Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from central-eastern France. J. Med. Entomol. 31: 231-239.
Vulule, J.M., R.F. Beach, F.K. Atieli, D.L. Mount, J.M. Roberts and R.W. Mwangi. 1996. Longterm use of permethrin-impregnated nets does not increase Anopheles gambiae permethrin
tolerance. Med. Vet. Entomol. 10: 71-79.
Curtis, C.F. 1985. Theoretical models of the use of insecticide mixtures for the management of
resistance. Bull. Entomol. Res. 75: 259-265.
Curtis C.F., N. Hill and S.H. Kasim. 1993. Are there effective resistance management strategies
for vectors of human disease ? Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 48: 3-18.
Roush R. T. 1989. Designing resistance management programmes: how can you choose?
Pestic. Sci. 26: 423-42.
Tabashnik, B.E. 1989. Managing resistance with multiple pesticide tactics: theory, evidence and
recommendation. J. Econ. Entomol. 82: 1263-1269.
Hemingway J, R.P. Penilla, A.D. Rodriguez, B.M. James and W. Edge. 1997. Resistance
management strategies in malaria vector mosquito control. A large scale trial in Southern Mexico.
Pest. Sci. 51: 375-382.
Idem.
Penilla, R.P., A.D. Rodríguez, J. Hemingway, J. L. Torres, J.I. Arredondo-Jimenez and M.H.
Rodríguez. 1998. Resistance management strategies in malaria vector mosquito control. Baseline
data for a large-scale field trial against Anopheles albimanus in México. Med. Vet. Entomol. 12:
-233.
Idem.
Brogdon, W. G. and J. C. McAllister. 1998. Simplification of adult mosquito bioassays through
use of time-mortality determinations in bottles. J. Am. Mosq.Control Assoc. 14(2): 159-164.
Brogdon W, G. and A. M. Barber. 1990. Microplate assay of glutathione S-transferase activity
for resistance detection in single-mosquito homogenates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96B: 339-342.
Brogdon, W. G. and J. C. McAllister. 1997. Heme peroxidase activity measured in single
mosquitoes identifies individuals expressing an elevated oxidase for insecticide resistance. J. Am.
Mosq.Control Assoc. 13: 233-237.
Lengeler, C. and R.W. Snow. 1996. From efficacy to effectiveness: insecticide-treated bednets
in Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 74: 325-332
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2001 Adriana E. Flores, Mohammad H. Badii, Gustavo Ponce G.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The rights of the work belong to the author or authors, however, by sending it for publication in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine of the Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, they grant the right for its first publication in between electronic, and possibly, in print to the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine. The license used is the Creative Commons attribution, which allows third parties to use what is published whenever the authorship of the work is mentioned and the first publication that is in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine. Likewise, the author or authors will take into account that it will not be allowed to send the publication to any other journal, regardless of the format. The authors will be able to make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine (e.g., institutional repository or publication in a book) provided they clearly state that The work was published for the first time in the Public Health Magazine, Magazine of the Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León.
