ESTREÑIMIENTO Y SÍNDROME DE INTESTINO IRRITABLE EN MUJERES EN EL TERCER TRIMESTRE DE GESTACIÓN: LA RELACIÓN CON LA INGESTA DIETÉTICA
Abstract
Introducción: El embarazo se relaciona con el estreñimiento y el síndrome de intestino irritable. No existe publicación en el área de una población Mexicana. Objetivos: Estimar la presencia de estreñimiento y síndrome de intestino irritable en relación a la ingesta dietética materna. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en el Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Nuevo León. El estreñimiento y síndrome de intestino irritable se determinaron según los Criterios Roma III en 336 mujeres en tercer trimestre de gestación. Información demográfica e ingesta dietética fueron registrados para una sub-muestra de 125 participantes: sin estreñimiento, con estreñimiento, y con síndrome de intestino irritable, según su condición gastrointestinal, para determinar diferencias entre grupos y la relación con ingesta dietética. Resultados: El estreñimiento fue auto-reportado por 25% (95% CI 21.0–30.6%) de las participantes. Según los Criterios Roma III, la presencia de estreñimiento y de síndrome de intestino irritable fueron del 5% (IC 95% 2.9–7.9%) y 13.6% (IC 95% 10.2–17.8%), respectivamente (n = 336). La ingesta dietética de kilocalorías, fibra, agua, y cafeína no fueron diferentes estadísticamente entre mujeres sin estreñimiento, con estreñimiento y con síndrome de intestino irritable (n=125). Ingesta de fibra y agua fueron menores a las recomendaciones para el embarazo en 85% y 60% de las participantes, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La ingesta dietética no estuvo relacionada con ambas condiciones gastrointestinales, sugiriendo el efecto de factores hormonales y mecánicos. El consumo de fibra y agua por debajo de su recomendación refleja la necesidad de consejo nutricional prenatal.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Pregnancy is related to constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. There is no published work in this field studying a Mexican population. Objectives: To estimate the presence of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in relation to maternal dietary intakes. Methods: The study was conducted at Hospital Regional Materno Infantil of Nuevo Leon. Rome III Criteria determined constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in 336 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Demographic information and dietary intakes were recorded from a sub-sample of 125 participants: non-constipated, constipated, and with irritable bowel syndrome according to their gastrointestinal condition, to determine differences among groups and the relationship with dietary intakes. Results: Constipation was self-reported by 25% (95% CI 21.0–30.6%) of participants. According to Rome III Criteria, prevalence of constipation and irritable bowel syndrome was 5% (95% CI 2.9–7.9%) and 13.6% (95% CI 10.2–17.8%), respectively (n = 336). Dietary intakes of kilocalories, fiber, water, and caffeine were not statistically different among non-constipated, constipated and women with irritable bowel syndrome (n = 125). Intakes of fiber and water were lower than recommendation for pregnancy in 85% and 60% of participants, respectively. Conclusions: Dietary intakes were not related to both gastrointestinal conditions, suggesting the effect of hormonal and mechanical factors. Fiber and water consumption below the recommendation reflects the need of prenatal nutritional advice.
Palabras Clave: Embarazo, Estreñimiento, Ingesta Dietética, Pregnancy, Constipation, Dietary Intakes
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