Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis y Vibrio furnissii EN ALIMENTOS MARINOS DE ORIGEN ANIMAL DE COCTELERÍAS, COOPERATIVA, PESCADERÍAS, RESTAURANTES Y SUPERMERCADOS DE ISLA DEL CARMEN, CAMPECHE, MÉXICO
Abstract
Los vibrios son característicamente indígenas de hábitats marinos, salobres y estuarinos, y aparecen en grandes concentraciones (blooms) cuando las aguas aumentan de temperatura (17- 20°C). A temperaturas bajas los vibrios permanecen en el sedimento de los fondos marinos y los recuentos arrojan normalmente cifras inferiores a las necesarias para producir infección. En los países templados los vibrios se encuentran presentes en el agua de mar durante todo el año, aunque su concentración experimenta un notable incremento en los meses cálidos a causa de las favorables condiciones ecológicas y del plancton aumentando su acumulación por moluscos filtradores y otros animales marinos. Determinar si los alimentos marinos crudos, marinados sin calor, parcialmente cocidos con calor y completamente cocidos con calor representan factores de riesgo por las especies Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis yVibrio furnissii para el desarrollo, respectivamente, de infección de herida; de gastroenteritis aguda; y de gastroenteritis aguda. Se obtuvo un listado de establecimientos especializados en la venta de alimentos marinos para consumo humano. El número de alimentos marinos en dichos establecimientos fue 390. Para la homogeneización y el enriquecimiento de cada muestra, así como para el aislamiento y la identificación de las especies se procedió según la metodología descrita en la octava edición del Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA). Por el método de Cornfield se construyeron intervalos de estimación al nivel de confianza del 95%. En 32 (8.21%), 10 (2.56%) y 23 (5.90%) muestras se aisló un número igual de cepas cuyas características bioquímicas correspondieron, respectivamente, a Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis y Vibrio furnissii. Las prevalencias globales obtenidas en alimentos marinos crudos, marinados sin calor, parcialmente cocidos con calor y completamente cocidos con calor fueron, respectivamente, 17.79%, 0.00%, 9.09% y 0.00%. Se concluye que los alimentos marinos crudos y los alimentos marinos parcialmente cocidos con calor representan factores de riesgo por tres de las 12 especies de importancia clínica.
Abstract
Indigenous vibrios are typically of marine, brackish and estuarine, and appear in high concentrations (blooms) when the water temperature increase (17-20°C). At low temperatures the vibrios remain in the sediment of the seabed and counts typically show levels below those required to produce infection. In temperate countries vibrios are present in sea water throughout the year, although its concentration has increased substantially in the warmer months due to favorable ecological conditions and plankton increase their accumulation by shellfish filter feeders and other marine animals.To determine whether raw, marinated without heat, partially cooked by heat and completely cooked by heat seafood are risk factors for the species Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii for development, respectively, of wound infection; of acute gastroenteritis; and of acute gastroenteritis. We obtained a list of establishments specializing in the sale of seafood for human consumption. The number of seafood in these establishments was 390. For the standardization and enrichment of each sample and for the isolation and identification of species we proceeded according to the methodology described in the eighth edition of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA). By the method of Cornfield estimation intervals to the confidence level of 95% were constructed. In 32 (8.21%), 10 (2.56%) and 23 (5.90%) samples we isolated an equal number of strains whose biochemical characteristics corresponded, respectively, to Vibrio damsela, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii. The overall prevalences obtained in raw, marinated without heat, partially cooked by heat and completely cooked by heat seafood were, respectively, 17.79%, 0.00%, 9.09% y 0.00%. We concluded that raw and partially cooked by heat seafood are risk factors for three of the 12 species of clinical importance.
Palabras clave: Vibrio, especies patógenas, alimentos marinos
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