Prevalencia de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo en Adolescentes de Caracas: 2012 vs. 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn19.2-2Keywords:
Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario, estudiantes de bachillerato, escala EAT-26, pruebas no-paramétricas.Abstract
Introducción: Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) han tenido un importante protagonismo en la población adolescente, con tasas de prevalencia mundial en ascenso. En esta investigación se estudió la prevalencia de conductas alimentarias de riesgo sugestivas de Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) en adolescentes de un municipio de la ciudad de Caracas. Materiales y Métodos: Dos muestras no relacionadas (Ntotal = 933) provenientes de seis (6) institutos educativos de Caracas (NA: año 2012; NB: año 2018) fueron evaluadas con el cuestionario EAT-26 (NA = 311; 40,51% hombres; 59,49% mujeres); (NB = 622; 40,51% hombres; 59,49% mujeres), con edad promedio NA= 16,88 años y NB= 14,88 años. Se hicieron comparaciones no paramétricas empleando la prueba U de Mann-Whittney. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran prevalencia de TCA (para EAT-26 ≥ 20) en el orden de NA = 20: 0,064 (6,4%, para la muestra del año 2012) y para NB = 95 una tasa de 0,153 (15,3%, para la muestra de 2018). Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los puntajes totales del EAT-26 para los factores Bulimia y Control Oral, pero no para Dieta; y para puntaje total y para el factor Control Oral considerando el punto de corte para conductas sugestivas de TCA en el instrumento (EAT-26 ≥ 20) y solo en dos (2) de los seis (6) institutos de educación considerados.
Palabras clave: Trastornos del comportamiento alimentario; estudiantes de bachillerato; escala EAT-26; pruebas no-paramétricas.
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