Factores relacionados a la presencia del síndrome de Burnout en una muestra de enfermeras del Sector Salud, Ciudad de México.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn17.3-1Keywords:
Burnout, enfermera, autoestimaAbstract
Introducción: Las enfermeras son un grupo profesional con alto riesgo de sufrir síndrome de Burnout. Algunos factores sociodemográficos y psicológicos se relacionan a dicho síndrome. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la relación entre el estrés psicológico, los tres factores descritos para el síndrome de Burnout, y las características socio-demográficas y psicológicas en un grupo de enfermeras. Material y Métodos: Participaron 265 enfermeras de un centro especializado en salud reproductiva. Todas completaron las evaluaciones sobre características socio-demográficas y aspectos relacionados con sus condiciones de trabajo. Se aplicaron además el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach, el Inventario de Coopersmith, y el Cuestionario General de Salud. Resultados: Se observaron altos niveles de agotamiento emocional en 17.4% de la muestra. El 4.9% de las enfermeras mostraron bajos niveles de realización personal. La autoestima estuvo relacionada con el agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la realización personal. El agotamiento emocional se relacionó con la atención de pacientes seriamente enfermos, y con el trabajo en el horario matutino. Conclusiones: Los factores del síndrome de Burnout, particularmente el agotamiento emocional se relacionan con las condiciones de trabajo. Otros elementos que se relacionan con este síndrome son el estrés psicológico y la autoestima.
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