Impacto del bajo consumo de alimentos con gluten y caseína sobre síntomas gastrointestinales en niños de 3-12 años de edad con trastorno del espectro autista.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn16.3-1Abstract
Introducción: Los trastornos del espectro autista, presentan alteraciones gastrointestinales tales como diarrea, flatulencia, reflujo gastroesofágico y constipación las cuales se han relacionado con el consumo de dietas con gluten y caseína. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la dieta sin gluten y caseína sobre síntomas gastrointestinales en niños con trastornos del espectro autista. Material y Métodos: Previo consentimiento del padre o tutor se evaluaron niños de 3 a 12 años de edad, aplicando una historia nutricional con datos antropométricos y dietéticos por frecuencia alimentaria; la permeabilidad intestinal se evaluó por el cuestionario de signos y síntomas gastrointestinales “brea King the vicious cycle”, intestinal health trhough diet, al inicio y final de la intervención durante 10 semanas. Donde se proporcionó menú semanal de acuerdo a recomendaciones calóricas por edad con alimentos libres de gluten y caseína. Los datos se analizaron por estadística descriptiva y pruebas no paramétricas utilizando Chi2 de dos variables, test de McNemar y prueba de Friedman utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 24.0. Resultados: Del total de 26 sujetos, 77% de género masculino y 23% femenino, con media de edad 7.6 + 2.6 años, se observó una disminución del consumo de alimentos con gluten y caseína a menos de tres veces por semana, lo cual aminora la presencia de distención abdominal, diarrea, flatulencia. Siendo la permeabilidad intestinal estadísticamente significativa (≤0.05) después de 10 semanas de intervención. Conclusiones: La disminución en el consumo de alimentos con gluten y caseína disminuye síntomas gastrointestinales asociados a permeabilidad intestinal.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Autistic spectrum disorders present gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, flatulence, gastroesophageal reflux and constipation, which have been related to the consumption of diets with gluten and casein. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the gluten-free and casein-free diet on gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: After the consent of the parent or guardian, children 3 to 12 years of age were evaluated, applying a nutritional history with anthropometric and dietary data by food frequency; intestinal permeability was assessed by the questionnaire for gastrointestinal signs and symptoms "breaking the vicious cycle", intestinal health through diet, at the beginning and end of the intervention for 10 weeks. Where weekly menu was provided according to calorie-age recommendations with gluten-free and casein-free foods. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests using Chi2 of two variables, McNemar test and Friedman test using the statistical package SPSS version. Results Of the total of 26 subjects, 77% male and 23% female, with a mean age of 7.6 + 2.6 years, a decrease in food consumption with gluten and casein was observed less than three times a week, The presence of abdominal distention, diarrhea, flatulence. The intestinal permeability was statistically significant (≤0.05) after 10 weeks of intervention. Conclusions: The decrease in food consumption with gluten and casein decreases gastrointestinal symptoms associated with intestinal permeability
Palabras Clave: Autismo, nutrición, gluten, caseína, autism, nutrition, casein
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