EFECTO DE LA DIETA SOBRE LA MODULACIÓN DE LA MICROBIOTA EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA OBESIDAD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn17.1-5Keywords:
microbiota, tratamiento dietético, obesidadAbstract
Hoy en día, la microbiota gastrointestinal se ha transformado en un tema de investigación dinámica para dilucidar su relación con la dieta y la salud metabólica del huésped. En los últimos años se ha reconocido que la microbiota intestinal presenta una interacción estrecha en la regulación de la homeostasis inmune humana y el metabolismo, esto con lleva a nuevas oportunidades para la prevención de la obesidad y las enfermedades metabólicas asociadas como la diabetes tipo 2, para generar estrategias en el tratamiento de enfermedades metabólicos y sobre todo en esclarecer la prevalencia de la obesidad. En recientes investigaciones se ha establecido elementos que permiten establecer a la microbiota intestinal como un mediador sobre el impacto de la dieta, el estado metabólico y el peso corporal del huésped. Los mecanismos que permite una relación de la microbiota del intestino con la obesidad son generados mediante la combinación de modelos con animales de experimentación y ensayos clínicos. El reto fundamental del tema es la capacidad en establecer la causalidad de la relación entre la nutrición, la microbiota y la salud del huésped, así como los factores que inciden sobre los cambios en el peso corporal del individuo.
Palabras clave: microbiota, tratamiento dietético, obesidad.
ABSTRACT
Today, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been transformed into a dynamic research topic to elucidate its relationship with diet and metabolic health of the host. In recent years it has been recognized that the intestinal microbiota presents a close interaction in the regulation of human immune homeostasis and metabolism, leading to new opportunities for the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, to generate strategies in the treatment of metabolic diseases and especially in clarifying the prevalence of obesity. Recent research has established elements that allow establishing the intestinal microbiota as a mediator on the impact of diet, metabolic status and body weight of the host. The mechanisms allowing a relationship of the intestinal microbiota with obesity are generated by combining models with experimental animals and clinical trials. The fundamental challenge of the subject is the ability to establish the causality of the relationship between nutrition, microbiota and the health of the host, as well as the factors that influence the changes in the individual's body weight.
Keywords: microbiota, dietary treatment, obesity.
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