Marginalization and life expectancy in the municipalities of Coahuila during the COVID-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn22.4-756Keywords:
Covid-19, esperanza de vida, indicadores de marginación, estado de Coahuila, MéxicoAbstract
Introduction: A health condition of great impact on life expectancy in different populations and countries has been the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To calculate life expectancy comparing 2019 with 2020 and analyzed its relationship with indicators of the marginalization at the municipal level for the state of Coahuila in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. Material and method: Life expectancy was calculated using mortality data for 2019 and 2020 from the Ministry of Health and demographic and marginalization indicators were obtained from the National Population Council. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to the variables under study and those that has a normal distribution where analyzed with variance hypothesis test (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Variables that where found to be significant in the ANOVA test where subjected to a multiple regression to identify predictors. Kruskal-Wallis and Games Howell tests were performed with variables that did not have a normal distribution. Results: Variables that showed a positive and significant directionality were the percentage of population greater than 5 000 inhabitants and the natural logarithm of the population size of the municipalities. This latter variable was the only predictor of the loss in years of life expectancy. Conclusion: The natural logarithm of population size was the only predictor of the drop in years of life expectancy.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Bancet, C. M., Sosa-Sánchez, I. A. Morir en tiempos de Covid-19 en México. (2022). Efectos de la pandemia en las poblaciones indígenas. Sociológica México, 37 (106), 263-282.
http://sociologicamexico.azc.uam.mx/index.php/Sociologica/article/view/1681
Bartoll-Roca, X., Palència, L., Calvo, M. J., & Pérez, K. (2022). Trends and inequalities in (healthy) life expectancy by neighbourhood during the COVID-19 epidemic in Barcelona. Gaceta sanitaria, 37, 102267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.102267
Camhaji, E. (19 de marzo del 2020). México confirma su primera muerte por coronavirus y pone en marcha un plan de ayuda en desastres. Diario El País. https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020-03-19/mexico-confirma-su-primera-muerte-por-coronavirus-y-pone-en-marcha-un-plan-de-ayuda-en-desastres.html
Consejo Nacional de Población. (2016). Proyecciones de población de México y de las entidades federativas, 2016-2050. https://datos.gob.mx/busca/dataset/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion-de-mexico-y-de-las-entidades-federativas-2016-2050
Consejo Nacional de Población. (2021). Índice de marginación por entidad federativa y municipio 2020. Nota técnico-metodológica.
https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/634902/Nota_t_cnica_marginaci_n_2020.pdf
Chávez-Almazán, L. A., Díaz-González, L., & Rosales-Rivera, M. (2022). Socioeconomic determinants of health and COVID-19 in Mexico. Determinantes socioeconómicos de salud y COVID-19 en México. Gaceta medica de Mexico, 158(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M22000633
García-Guerrero, V. M., & Beltrán-Sánchez, H. (2021). Heterogeneity in Excess Mortality and Its Impact on Loss of Life Expectancy due to COVID-19: Evidence from Mexico. Canadian studies in population, 48(2-3), 165–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42650-021-00051-1
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. (2016). Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet (London, England), 388(10053), 1459–1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
Gobierno de México. (2021). Índices de marginación 2020. Base de datos por municipio 2020. https://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/indices-de-marginacion-2020-284372#:~:text=%C3%8Dndices%20de%20marginaci%C3%B3n%202020%20Conoce%20los%20%C3%ADndices%20de,de%20Poblaci%C3%B3n%20%7C%2004%20de%20octubre%20de%202021
Hair J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. 6th ed. Prentice Hall.
Hyndman, M. R. J., Booth, H., Tickle, L., And Maindonald, J. (2019). Package ‘demography’, v. 1.22.
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/demography/demography.pdf.
Islam, N., Jdanov, D. A., Shkolnikov, V. M., Khunti, K., Kawachi, I., White, M., Lewington, S., & Lacey, B. (2021). Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 375, e066768. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-066768
Lima, E. E. C., Vilela, E. A., Peralta, A., Rocha, M., Queiroz, B. L., Gonzaga, M. R., Piscoya-Díaz, M., Martinez-Folgar, K., García-Guerrero, V. M., & Freire, F. H. M. A. (2021). Investigating regional excess mortality during 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in selected Latin American countries. Genus, 77(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-021-00139-1
Lozano Ascencio, F., Ramírez García T. (2023). Desigualdad de la mortalidad por Covid-19 entre la población hablante de lengua indígena de México. En Fernando Lozano Ascencio, M. Valdivia López, MA, Mendoza González, (Eds.), Pandemia y desigualdades sociales y económicas en México. (pp. 337-372), UNAM.
Marmot, M. Allen, J., Goldblatt, P., Herd, E., Morrison, J. (2020). Build back fairer: The Covid-19 Marmot review. The pandemic, socioeconomic and heath inequalities in England. Institute of Health Inequalities. London: Institute of Health Equity. https://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/resources-reports/build-back-fairer-the-covid-19-marmot-review/build-back-fairer-the-covid-19-marmot-review-executive-summary.pdf
Mendoza-González, M. F. (2020). Rezago social y letalidad en México en el contexto de la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19): una aproximación desde la perspectiva de la salud colectiva en los ámbitos nacional, estatal y municipal. Notas de Población, 2020 (111), 133-153.
Millán-Guerrero, R. O., Caballero-Hoyos, R., & Monárrez-Espino, J. (2021). Poverty and survival from COVID-19 in Mexico. Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 43(3), 437–444.
https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa228
Muñíz-Montero, I. Sánchez-García, A. Muñíz-Motero, C. Neri-Suárez, M. (2022). Impacto del Covid-19 en el nororiente del estado de Puebla, México: movilidad, letalidad, marginación, pobreza y afectación al turismo. FORHUM International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(6), e22465. https://doi.org/10.35766/j.forhum.22465
Pagano, M., Gauvreau, K. (1993). Principles of biostatistics. Duxbury Press.
Palamim, C. V. C., Boschiero, M. N., Valencise, F. E., & Marson, F. A. L. (2022). Human Development Index Is Associated with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in Brazil: An Ecological Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(9), 5306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095306
Rocklöv, J., & Sjödin, H. (2020). High population densities catalyse the spread of COVID-19. Journal of travel medicine, 27(3), taaa038.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa038
Secretaría de Salud. (31 de diciembre del 2020). Informe técnico diario Covid-19 México. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/603816/Comunicado_Tecnico_Diario_COVID-19_2020.12.31.pdf
Secretaría de Salud. (2022). Defunciones. Datos abiertos. 2019 y 2020.
http://www.dgis.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/basesdedatos/da_defunciones_gobmx.html
Tammes, P. (2020). Social distancing, population density, and spread of COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal study. British Journal of General Practice Open, 4(3), bjgpopen20X101116. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101116
Team R Core. (2016). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Wang, H., Paulson K. R., Peace, S. A., Watson, S., Comfort, H., et al. (2022). Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020-21. Lancet. 16, 399(10334),1513-1536. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02796-3.
Uribe-Salas F. J., Núñez-Medina G, Parra-Ávila J. (2023). Impacto del Covid-19 en la esperanza de vida en los municipios de los estados del noreste de México. CienciaUAT, 18(1), 25-40.
Valverde, G. R. & Valverde, B. R. (2022). Impacto del COVID-19 por marginación y rezago social en el estado de Puebla, México. Regiones y Desarrollo Sustentable, 22(43).
http://coltlax.edu.mx/openj/index.php/ReyDS/article/view/243
World Health Organization (WHO). (30 de junio del 2020a). Pneumonia of unknown cause – China. 2020 Jan 30. https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/
World Health Organization. (13 de junio del 2020b). Covid-19: Cronología de la actuación de la OMS. https://www.who.int/es/news/item/27-04-2020-who-timeline---covid-19
World Health Organization. (13 de junio del 2020c). WHO statement on novel coronavirus in Thailand. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-01-2020-who-statement-on-novel-coronavirus-in-thailand
World Health Organization. (11 de marzo del 2020d). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
World Health Organization. (22 de febrero del 2020e). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 40. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200229-sitrep-40-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=849d0665_2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Felipe Javier Uribe Salas, Gerardo Nuñez Medina, Juan Parra Avila
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The rights of the work belong to the author or authors, however, by sending it for publication in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine of the Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, they grant the right for its first publication in between electronic, and possibly, in print to the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine. The license used is the Creative Commons attribution, which allows third parties to use what is published whenever the authorship of the work is mentioned and the first publication that is in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine. Likewise, the author or authors will take into account that it will not be allowed to send the publication to any other journal, regardless of the format. The authors will be able to make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in the Public Health and Nutrition Magazine (e.g., institutional repository or publication in a book) provided they clearly state that The work was published for the first time in the Public Health Magazine, Magazine of the Faculty of Public Health and Nutrition of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León.
