Estudio del comportamiento alimentario infantil a través de la técnica de “dibujar y escribir” en escolares mexicanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/respyn16.3-2Abstract
Introducción: México presenta una de las prevalencias más altas en obesidad infantil a nivel mundial. Sin embargo poco se sabe sobre el estilo de vida relacionado con la alimentación de los niños y niñas mexicanos. Objetivo: estudiar el comportamiento alimentario en niños y niñas mexicanos a través de la técnica cualitativa de “dibujar y escribir”. Metodología: investigación cuantitativa-cualitativa; participaron 186 estudiantes. Las respuestas se registraron como texto; se agruparon en categorías y se cuantificaron; se elaboraron tablas de frecuencia; se realizaron pruebas estadísticas. Resultados: se obtuvo un total de 2,727 dibujos con su descripción; todos los grados presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La prueba manifiesta mayor eficiencia en los grados escolares de cuarto y quinto de primaria; en secundaria ya no es eficiente. Los resultados indican pistas útiles para ser utilizadas en las estrategias de orientación alimentaria y en los programas de atención y control de la obesidad infantil.
Abstract
Introduction: Mexicans are among the first in the world to address a high prevalence of overweight and obesity coupled with malnutrition in their population. However, little is known about the lifestyle of Mexican children with respect to food. Objectives: The study objective was to investigate the eating behaviour of Mexican children using the qualitative technique of “Drawing and Writing.” Methods: mixed (quantitative-qualitative) study. The trial was conducted with 186 students from pre-school to the first year of secondary school. Responses were recorded as text; they were grouped into categories and quantified; frequency tables were developed; statistical analyzes were performed. Results: A total of 2,727 drawings with descriptions were collected, and the data showed significant differences (p<0.001) in general. Conclusions: The technique used in the trial had the greatest effectiveness in the fourth and fifth grades of primary school, whilst in secondary school, it was no longer effective.
Palabras Clave: técnica “dibujar y escribir”; escolares mexicanos; comportamiento alimentario, Mexican students; “Drawing and Writing” technique; eating behaviour
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